1
McCarn, D. F.Whitaker, R. A.Alam, J.Vrba, J. M.Curtis, S. E.
Genes encoding the alpha, gamma, delta, and four F0 subunits of ATP synthase constitute an operon in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120.
J Bacteriol. 1988 Aug;170(8):3448-58. PMID:2900236 | Abstract | MeSH | Related Articles | Sections | Gene Index |
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A cluster of genes encoding subunits of ATP synthase of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 was cloned, and the nucleotide sequences of the genes were determined. This cluster, denoted atp1, consists of four F0 genes and three F1 genes encoding the subunits a (atpI), c (atpH), b' (atpG), b (atpF), delta (atpD), alpha (aptA), and gamma (atpC) in that order. Closely linked upstream of the ATP synthase subunit genes is an open reading frame denoted gene 1, which is equivalent to the uncI gene of Escherichia coli. The atp1 gene cluster is at least 10 kilobase pairs distant in the genome from apt2, a cluster of genes encoding the beta (atpB) and epsilon (atpE) subunits of the ATP synthase. This two-clustered ATP synthase gene arrangement is intermediate between those found in chloroplasts and E. coli. A unique feature of the Anabaena atp1 cluster is overlap between the coding regions for atpF and atpD. The atp1 cluster is transcribed as a single 7-kilobase polycistronic mRNA that initiates 140 base pairs upstream of gene 1. The deduced translation products for the Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 subunit genes are more similar to chloroplast ATP synthase subunits than to those of E. coli.
MeSH terms
1. Amino Acid Sequence
2. Base Sequence
3. Cloning, Molecular
4. Cyanobacteria/enzymology/*genetics
5. DNA/genetics
6. Genes
7. Molecular Sequence Data
8. Multigene Family
9. Nucleic Acid Hybridization
10. *Operon
11. Proton-Translocating ATPases/*genetics
12. RNA, Messenger/genetics
13. Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
14. Transcription, Genetic
2
Lill, H.Nelson, N.
The atp1 and atp2 operons of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
Plant Mol Biol. 1991 Oct;17(4):641-52. PMID:1832989 | Abstract | MeSH | Related Articles | Sections | Gene Index |
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The two operons atp1 and atp2, encoding the subunits of the F0F1 ATP-synthase, have been cloned and sequenced from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The organization of the different genes in the operons have been found to resemble that of the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. The Synechocystis F0F1 ATP-synthase has nine subunits. A tenth open reading frame with unknown function was detected at the 5' end of atp1, coding for a putative gene product similar to uncI in Escherichia coli. A promoter structure was inferred for the Synechocystis atp operons and compared to other known promoters of cyanobacteria. Even though the operon structure of atp1 and atp2 in Synechocystis resembles the corresponding operons of Synechococcus, the amino acid sequences of individual gene products show marked differences. Genetic distances between cyanobacterial genes and genes for ATP-synthase subunits from other species have been calculated and compiled into evolutionary trees.
MeSH terms
1. Amino Acid Sequence
2. Base Sequence
3. Biological Evolution
4. Blotting, Southern
5. Cloning, Molecular
6. Cyanobacteria/classification/enzymology/*genetics
7. Molecular Sequence Data
8. Operon/genetics
9. Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
10. Proton-Translocating ATPases/*genetics
11. Sequence Alignment
3
Holland, D.Wolk, C. P.
Identification and characterization of hetA, a gene that acts early in the process of morphological differentiation of heterocysts.
J Bacteriol. 1990 Jun;172(6):3131-7. PMID:2111805 | Abstract | MeSH | Related Articles | Sections | Gene Index |
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Envelope polysaccharide is a major early diagnostic of differentiating heterocysts. The mutation in mutant EF116 of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 reduces the cohesiveness of this polysaccharide. A 3.5-kilobase fragment of DNA cloned from the wild type of this Anabaena sp. was previously shown to complement this mutation. We present the nucleotide sequence of a 2,555-base-pair portion of this fragment containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 601 amino acids. Complementation analysis using deletion derivatives of the 3.5-kilobase fragment showed that the gene mutated in EF116, which we designate hetA, lies within this ORF. Transcription of hetA was induced as a result of deprivation for nitrate and yielded a monocistronic mRNA that was present at greatest abundance 7 h after nitrogen stepdown. At that time, proheterocysts could not be distinguished by light microscopy; transcription of nifHD, structural genes of nitrogenase, peaked much later. Situated 3' to hetA are 4 identical repeats of the sequence 5'-TTCAAAA-3' and 12 repeats (10 identical) of the sequence 5'-CCCCAAT-3'. The 12 repeats, present within and near the 5' end of a second ORF, are almost identical to repeats that have been reported to be present in the region between the petC and petA genes of a related cyanobacterium.
MeSH terms
1. Base Sequence
2. Cell Differentiation
3. Cyanobacteria/*genetics/growth & development
4. *Genes, Bacterial
5. Genetic Complementation Test
6. Molecular Sequence Data
7. Nitrogenase/genetics
8. Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
4
Katoh, H.Asthana, R. K.Ohmori, M.
Gene expression in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 under desiccation.
Microb Ecol. 2004 Feb;47(2):164-74. Epub 2004 Feb 2. PMID:14749909 | Abstract | MeSH | Related Articles | Sections | Gene Index |
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The N2-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 showed an inherent capacity for desiccation tolerance. A DNA microarray covering almost the entire genome of Anabaena was used to determine the genome-wide gene expression under desiccation. RNA was extracted from cells at intervals starting from early to late desiccation. The pattern of gene expression in DNA fragments was categorized into seven types, which include four types of up-regulated and three types of down-regulated fragments. Validation of the data was carried out by RT-PCR on selected up-regulated DNA fragments and was consistent with the changes in mRNA levels. Our conclusions regarding desiccation tolerance for Anabaena sp. PCC7120 are as follows: (i) Genes for osmoprotectant metabolisms and the K+ transporting system are up-regulated from early to mid-desiccation; (ii) genes induced by osmotic, salt, and low-temperature stress are up-regulated under desiccation; (iii) genes for heat shock proteins are up-regulated after mid-desiccation; (iv) genes for photosynthesis and the nitrogen-transporting system are down-regulated during early desiccation; and (v) genes for RNA polymerase and ribosomal protein are down-regulated between the early and the middle phase of desiccation. Profiles of gene expression are discussed in relation to desiccation acclimation.
MeSH terms
1. Anabaena/*genetics/*metabolism/physiology
2. Biological Transport, Active/physiology
3. DNA Primers
4. DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism
5. Dehydration/*metabolism
6. Fluorescence
7. *Gene Expression Regulation
8. Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
9. Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
10. Potassium/metabolism
11. RNA, Messenger/*metabolism
12. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
13. Water-Electrolyte Balance/physiology

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